<span class="colour" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">目录:</span>
1、在config.json配置网络权限和信任域名
2、在js文件中引入fetch模块
3、调用fetch.fetch发送请求
4、处理返回数据需调用JSON.parse()
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">在微信小程序中,若需要向远程服务器请求数据,使用wx.request接口即可。</span></span></span></span>
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">那么在鸿蒙js开发中,请求远程服务器需要如下几步:</span></span></span></span>
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">1、在config.json配置网络权限和信任域名。</span></span></span></span>
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">网络权限的配置是在module.reqPermissions中,配置以下三个权限。工具有提示,还是比较友好的。</span></span></span></span>
"module": {
"reqPermissions": [
{
"name": "ohos.permission.GET_NETWORK_INFO"
},
{
"name": "ohos.permission.SET_NETWORK_INFO"
},
{
"name": "ohos.permission.INTERNET"
}
],
......
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">信任域名的配置是在deviceConfig中,默认是一个空对象,需配置成如下形式。</span></span></span></span>
"deviceConfig": {
"default": {
"network": {
"usesCleartext": true,
"securityConfig": {
"domainSettings": {
"cleartextPermitted": true,
"domains": [
{
"subdomains": true,
"name": "apis.juhe.cn"
},
{
"subdomains": true,
"name": "api.seniverse.com"
},
{
"subdomains": true,
"name": "v.juhe.cn"
},
{
"subdomains": true,
"name": "api.tianapi.com"
}
]
}
}
}
}
},
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">在domains数组中,subdomains为是否信任下级域名,name为域名,无需填写协议。如果请求的服务器域名未配置,是无法请求成功的,且工具不会报错。这里一定记得配置服务器域名。</span></span></span></span>
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">2、在js文件中引入fetch模块。</span></span></span></span>
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">鸿蒙js请求远程服务器的模块为fetch,在js文件的最上方需引入该模块。</span></span></span></span>
import fetch from '@system.fetch';
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">这里也是有提示的。</span></span></span></span>
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px"></span></span></span></span>
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">3、调用fetch.fetch发送请求。</span></span></span></span>
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">来看一下fetch模块的封装,请求的参数,响应的类型,回调函数都可在对象中定义,和wx.request()基本一致。</span></span></span></span>
export default class Fetch {
/**
* Obtains data through the network.
* @param options
*/
static fetch(options: {
/**
* Resource URL.
*/
url: string;
/**
* Request parameter, which can be of the string type or a JSON object.
*/
data?: string | object;
/**
* Request header, which accommodates all attributes of the request.
*/
header?: Object;
/**
* Request methods available: OPTIONS, GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE and TRACE. The default value is GET.
*/
method?: string;
/**
* The return type can be text, or JSON. By default, the return type is determined based on Content-Type in the header returned by the server.
*/
responseType?: string;
/**
* Called when the network data is obtained successfully.
*/
success?: (data: IFetch) => void;
/**
* Called when the network data fails to be obtained.
*/
fail?: (data: any, code: number) => void;
/**
* Called when the execution is completed.
*/
complete?: () => void;
}): void;
}
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">比如我在页面初始化执行的方法onInit()中请求聚合数据的天气预报接口,就可以这样写:</span></span></span></span>
` onInit() {
// 加载天气预报
fetch.fetch({
url: '[http://apis.juhe.cn/simpleWeather/query?city=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC&key=xxxxxxxxx](http://apis.juhe.cn/simpleWeather/query?city=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC&key=xxxxxxxxx)',
responseType: 'json',
success: res => {
......
}
});
}`
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">4、处理返回数据需调用JSON.parse()。</span></span></span></span>
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">鸿蒙js开发目前调试功能尚不方便,虽有console.log(), console.info()等方法用于打印日志,但实际运行时并未找到日志的打印。所以我只能在视图中划出一小块区域用于调试。</span></span></span></span>
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">这里看到虽然responseType已设置为json,但用' . '取其中属性时仍会红线报错,且页面中可以看出并未取到值,可以猜测此时的res.data仍为string类型,需调用JSON.parse()将其转为json类型,随后问题解决。</span></span></span></span>
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px"></span></span></span></span>
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px"></span></span></span></span>
onInit() {
// 加载天气预报
fetch.fetch({
url: 'http://apis.juhe.cn/simpleWeather/query?city=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC&key=e4b4e30c713b6e2a24f4a851258c8457',
responseType: 'json',
success: res => {
console.info(JSON.stringify(res.data)); //并未打印日志
let data = JSON.parse(res.data); //必须要加上
this.nowWeather = data.result.realtime;
let dailyWeather = data.result.future;
for(let i in dailyWeather) {
dailyWeather[i].date = dailyWeather[i].date.substr(5, 5);
}
this.dailyWeather = dailyWeather;
}
});
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px"></span></span></span></span>
<span class="highlight" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span class="colour" style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span class="font" style="font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif"><span class="size" style="font-size:16px">附上天气预报这一部分的代码:</span></span></span></span>
<!-- 天气 -->
<div class="weather">
<div class="now" if="{{ nowWeather }}">
<text class="nowPhe">
{{ nowWeather.info }}
</text>
<text>
{{ nowWeather.temperature }}˚C
</text>
<div class="nowOther">
<text>
风力风向: {{ nowWeather.direct }} {{ nowWeather.power }}
</text>
<text>
空气质量: {{ nowWeather.aqi }}
</text>
</div>
</div>
<div class="daily" if="{{ dailyWeather }}">
<block for="{{ dailyWeather }}">
<div class="dailyItem">
<text>
{{ $item.date }}
</text>
<text>
{{ $item.weather }}
</text>
<text>
{{ $item.temperature }}
</text>
</div>
</block>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 天气end -->
/*天气*/
.weather {
background-image: url('./common/weatherbg.jpg');
background-size: contain;
}
.weather text {
color: #fdfdfd;
}
.now {
width: 100%;
height: 260px;
margin-top: 30px;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-around;
}
.now>text {
font-size: 60px;
}
.nowPhe {
margin-left: 20px;
}
.nowOther {
margin-right: 20px;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
height: 220px;
justify-content: space-around;
}
.daily{
margin-top: 30px;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
.dailyItem{
margin: 0 30px 0 30px;
height: 120px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #bbbbbb;
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
}
<span class="colour" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">作者:Chris.</span>
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