本系列文档将介绍如何使用二进制部署Kubernetes v1.14集群的所有部署，而不是使用自动化部署(kubeadm)集群。在部署过程中，将详细列出各个组件启动参数，以及相关配置说明。在学习完本文档后，将理解k8s各个组件的交互原理，并且可以快速解决实际问题。
本文档适用于Centos7.4及以上版本，随着各个组件的更新，本文档提供了相关镜像的包，及时版本更新也不会影响文档的使用。 如果有文档相关问题可以直接在网站下面注册回复，或者点击右下角加群，我将在12小时内回复您。 并且建议您使用的环境及配置和我相同！组件版本
- Kubernetes 1.14.2
- Docker 18.09 (docker使用官方的脚本安装，后期可能升级为新的版本，但是不影响)
- Etcd 3.3.13
- Flanneld 0.11.0
组件说明
kube-apiserver
- 使用节点本地Nginx 4层透明代理实现高可用 (也可以使用haproxy，只是起到代理apiserver的作用)
- 关闭非安全端口8080和匿名访问
- 使用安全端口6443接受https请求
- 严格的认知和授权策略 (x509、token、rbac)
- 开启bootstrap token认证，支持kubelet TLS bootstrapping；
- 使用https访问kubelet、etcd
kube-controller-manager
- 3节点高可用 (在k8s中，有些组件需要选举，所以使用奇数为集群高可用方案)
- 关闭非安全端口，使用10252接受https请求
- 使用kubeconfig访问apiserver的安全扣
- 使用approve kubelet证书签名请求(CSR)，证书过期后自动轮转
- 各controller使用自己的ServiceAccount访问apiserver
kube-scheduler
- 3节点高可用；
- 使用kubeconfig访问apiserver安全端口
kubelet
- 使用kubeadm动态创建bootstrap token
- 使用TLS bootstrap机制自动生成client和server证书，过期后自动轮转
- 在kubeletConfiguration类型的JSON文件配置主要参数
- 关闭只读端口，在安全端口10250接受https请求，对请求进行认真和授权，拒绝匿名访问和非授权访问
- 使用kubeconfig访问apiserver的安全端口
kube-proxy
- 使用kubeconfig访问apiserver的安全端口
- 在KubeProxyConfiguration类型JSON文件配置为主要参数
- 使用ipvs代理模式
集群插件
- DNS 使用功能、性能更好的coredns
- 网络 使用Flanneld 作为集群网络插件
一、初始化环境
集群机器
192.168.0.50 k8s-01
192.168.0.51 k8s-02
192.168.0.52 k8s-03
#node节点
192.168.0.53 k8s-04 #node节点只运行node，但是设置证书的时候要添加这个ip本文档的所有etcd集群、master集群、worker节点均使用以上三台机器，并且初始化步骤需要在所有机器上执行命令。如果没有特殊命令，所有操作均在192.168.0.50上进行操作
node节点后面会有操作，但是在初始化这步，是所有集群机器。包括node节点，我上面没有列出node节点
修改主机名
所有机器设置永久主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname abcdocker-k8s01 #所有机器按照要求修改
bash #刷新主机名接下来我们需要在所有机器上添加hosts解析
cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF
192.168.0.50 k8s-01
192.168.0.51 k8s-02
192.168.0.52 k8s-03
192.168.0.53 k8s-04
EOF设置免密
我们只在k8s-01上设置免密即可
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum install -y expect
#分发公钥
ssh-keygen -t rsa -P "" -f /root/.ssh/id_rsa
for i in k8s-01 k8s-02 k8s-03 k8s-04;do
expect -c "
spawn ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@$i
expect {
\"*yes/no*\" {send \"yes\r\"; exp_continue}
\"*password*\" {send \"123456\r\"; exp_continue}
\"*Password*\" {send \"123456\r\";}
} "
done
#我这里密码是123456 大家按照自己主机的密码进行修改就可以更新PATH变量
本次的k8s软件包的目录全部存放在/opt下
[root@abcdocker-k8s01 ~]# echo 'PATH=/opt/k8s/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
[root@abcdocker-k8s01 ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@abcdocker-k8s01 ~]# env|grep PATH
PATH=/opt/k8s/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin安装依赖包
在每台服务器上安装依赖包
yum install -y conntrack ntpdate ntp ipvsadm ipset jq iptables curl sysstat libseccomp wget关闭防火墙 Linux 以及swap分区
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
iptables -F && iptables -X && iptables -F -t nat && iptables -X -t nat
iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
swapoff -a
sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
#如果开启了swap分区，kubelet会启动失败(可以通过设置参数——-fail-swap-on设置为false)升级内核
Docker overlay2需要使用kernel 4.x版本，所以我们需要升级内核
我这里的内核使用4.18.9
CentOS 7.x 系统自带的 3.10.x 内核存在一些 Bugs，导致运行的 Docker、Kubernetes 不稳定，例如：
高版本的 docker(1.13 以后) 启用了 3.10 kernel 实验支持的 kernel memory account 功能(无法关闭)，当节点压力大如频繁启动和停止容器时会导致 cgroup memory leak；
网络设备引用计数泄漏，会导致类似于报错："kernel:unregister_netdevice: waiting for eth0 to become free. Usage count = 1";
解决方案如下：
升级内核到 4.4.X 以上；
或者，手动编译内核，disable CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM 特性；
或者，安装修复了该问题的 Docker 18.09.1 及以上的版本。但由于 kubelet 也会设置 kmem（它 vendor 了 runc），所以需要重新编译 kubelet 并指定 GOFLAGS="-tags=nokmem"；
export Kernel_Version=4.18.9-1
wget http://mirror.rc.usf.edu/compute_lock/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml{,-devel}-${Kernel_Version}.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
yum localinstall -y kernel-ml*
#如果是手动下载内核rpm包，直接执行后面yum install -y kernel-ml*即可修改内核启动顺序,默认启动的顺序应该为1,升级以后内核是往前面插入,为0（如果每次启动时需要手动选择哪个内核,该步骤可以省略）
grub2-set-default 0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg使用下面命令看看确认下是否启动默认内核指向上面安装的内核
grubby --default-kernel
#这里的输出结果应该为我们升级后的内核信息重启加载新内核 （升级完内核顺便update一下）
reboot加载内核模块
首先我们要检查是否存在所需的内核模块
find /lib/modules/`uname -r`/ -name "ip_vs_rr*"
find /lib/modules/`uname -r`/ -name "br_netfilter*"1.加载内核，加入开机启动 (2选1即可)
cat > /etc/rc.local << EOF
modprobe ip_vs_rr
modprobe br_netfilter
EOF2.使用systemd-modules-load加载内核模块
cat > /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf << EOF
ip_vs_rr
br_netfilter
EOF
systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service验证模块是否加载成功
lsmod |egrep " ip_vs_rr|br_netfilter"为什么要使用IPVS,从k8s的1.8版本开始，kube-proxy引入了IPVS模式，IPVS模式与iptables同样基于Netfilter，但是采用的hash表，因此当service数量达到一定规模时，hash查表的速度优势就会显现出来，从而提高service的服务性能。
ipvs依赖于nf_conntrack_ipv4内核模块,4.19包括之后内核里改名为nf_conntrack,1.13.1之前的kube-proxy的代码里没有加判断一直用的nf_conntrack_ipv4,好像是1.13.1后的kube-proxy代码里增加了判断,我测试了是会去load nf_conntrack使用ipvs正常
优化内核参数
cat > kubernetes.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
vm.swappiness=0 # 禁止使用 swap 空间，只有当系统 OOM 时才允许使用它
vm.overcommit_memory=1 # 不检查物理内存是否够用
vm.panic_on_oom=0 # 开启 OOM
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
EOF
cp kubernetes.conf /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf需要关闭tcp_tw_recycle，否则和NAT冲突，会导致服务不通
关闭IPV6，防止触发Docker BUG
设置系统时区
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
#将当前的 UTC 时间写入硬件时钟
timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
#重启依赖于系统时间的服务
systemctl restart rsyslog
systemctl restart crond创建相关目录
mkdir -p /opt/k8s/{bin,work} /etc/{kubernetes,etcd}/cert
#在所有节点上执行，因为flanneld是在所有节点运行的设置分发脚本参数
后续所有的使用环境变量都定义在environment.sh中，需要根据个人机器及网络环境修改。并且需要拷贝到所有节点的/opt/k8s/bin目录下
#!/usr/bin/bash
# 生成 EncryptionConfig 所需的加密 key
export ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64)
# 集群各机器 IP 数组
export NODE_IPS=( 192.168.0.50 192.168.0.51 192.168.0.52 192.168.0.53 )
# 集群各 IP 对应的主机名数组
export NODE_NAMES=(k8s-01 k8s-02 k8s-03 k8s-04)
# 集群MASTER机器 IP 数组
export MASTER_IPS=(192.168.0.50 192.168.0.51 192.168.0.52 )
# 集群所有的master Ip对应的主机
export MASTER_NAMES=(k8s-01 k8s-02 k8s-03)
# etcd 集群服务地址列表
export ETCD_ENDPOINTS="https://192.168.0.50:2379,https://192.168.0.51:2379,https://192.168.0.52:2379"
# etcd 集群间通信的 IP 和端口
export ETCD_NODES="k8s-01=https://192.168.0.50:2380,k8s-02=https://192.168.0.51:2380,k8s-03=https://192.168.0.52:2380"
# etcd 集群所有node ip
export ETCD_IPS=(192.168.0.50 192.168.0.51 192.168.0.52 192.168.0.53 )
# kube-apiserver 的反向代理(kube-nginx)地址端口
export KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.0.54:8443"
# 节点间互联网络接口名称
export IFACE="eth0"
# etcd 数据目录
export ETCD_DATA_DIR="/data/k8s/etcd/data"
# etcd WAL 目录，建议是 SSD 磁盘分区，或者和 ETCD_DATA_DIR 不同的磁盘分区
export ETCD_WAL_DIR="/data/k8s/etcd/wal"
# k8s 各组件数据目录
export K8S_DIR="/data/k8s/k8s"
# docker 数据目录
#export DOCKER_DIR="/data/k8s/docker"
## 以下参数一般不需要修改
# TLS Bootstrapping 使用的 Token，可以使用命令 head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ' 生成
#BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN="41f7e4ba8b7be874fcff18bf5cf41a7c"
# 最好使用 当前未用的网段 来定义服务网段和 Pod 网段
# 服务网段，部署前路由不可达，部署后集群内路由可达(kube-proxy 保证)
SERVICE_CIDR="10.254.0.0/16"
# Pod 网段，建议 /16 段地址，部署前路由不可达，部署后集群内路由可达(flanneld 保证)
CLUSTER_CIDR="172.30.0.0/16"
# 服务端口范围 (NodePort Range)
export NODE_PORT_RANGE="1024-32767"
# flanneld 网络配置前缀
export FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX="/kubernetes/network"
# kubernetes 服务 IP (一般是 SERVICE_CIDR 中第一个IP)
export CLUSTER_KUBERNETES_SVC_IP="10.254.0.1"
# 集群 DNS 服务 IP (从 SERVICE_CIDR 中预分配)
export CLUSTER_DNS_SVC_IP="10.254.0.2"
# 集群 DNS 域名（末尾不带点号）
export CLUSTER_DNS_DOMAIN="cluster.local"
# 将二进制目录 /opt/k8s/bin 加到 PATH 中
export PATH=/opt/k8s/bin:$PATH请根据IP进行修改
分发环境变量脚本
source environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp environment.sh root@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
ssh root@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/* "
done二、k8s集群部署
创建CA证书和秘钥
为确保安全，kubernetes各个组件需要使用x509证书对通信进行加密和认证
CA(Certificate Authority)是自签名的根证书，用来签名后续创建的其他证书。本文章使用CloudFlare的PKI工具cfssl创建所有证书。
注意: 如果没有特殊指明，本文档的所有操作均在k8s-01节点执行，远程分发到其他节点
安装cfssl工具集
mkdir -p /opt/k8s/cert && cd /opt/k8s
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /opt/k8s/bin/cfssl
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /opt/k8s/bin/cfssljson
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /opt/k8s/bin/cfssl-certinfo
chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*
export PATH=/opt/k8s/bin:$PATH创建根证书 (CA)
CA证书是集群所有节点共享的，只需要创建一个CA证书，后续创建的所有证书都是由它签名
创建配置文件
CA配置文件用于配置根证书的使用场景(profile)和具体参数
(usage、过期时间、服务端认证、客户端认证、加密等)
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
],
"expiry": "87600h"
}
}
}
}
EOF
######################
signing 表示该证书可用于签名其它证书，生成的ca.pem证书找中CA=TRUE
server auth 表示client可以用该证书对server提供的证书进行验证
client auth 表示server可以用该证书对client提供的证书进行验证创建证书签名请求文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
],
"ca": {
"expiry": "876000h"
}
}
EOF
#######################
CN CommonName,kube-apiserver从证书中提取该字段作为请求的用户名(User Name)，浏览器使用该字段验证网站是否合法
O Organization,kube-apiserver 从证书中提取该字段作为请求用户和所属组(Group)
kube-apiserver将提取的User、Group作为RBAC授权的用户和标识生成CA证书和私钥
cd /opt/k8s/work
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
ls ca*分发证书
#将生成的CA证书、秘钥文件、配置文件拷贝到所有节点的/etc/kubernetes/cert目录下
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/cert"
scp ca*.pem ca-config.json root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert
done部署kubectl命令行工具
kubectl默认从~/.kube/config读取kube-apiserver地址和认证信息。kube/config只需要部署一次，生成的kubeconfig文件是通用的
下载和解压kubectl
cd /opt/k8s/work
wget http://down.i4t.com/k8s1.14/kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz分发所有使用kubectl节点
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kubernetes/client/bin/kubectl root@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
ssh root@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
done创建admin证书和私钥
kubectl与apiserver https通信，apiserver对提供的证书进行认证和授权。kubectl作为集群的管理工具，需要被授予最高权限，这里创建具有最高权限的admin证书
创建证书签名请求
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "admin",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
###################
● O 为system:masters，kube-apiserver收到该证书后将请求的Group设置为system:masters
● 预定的ClusterRoleBinding cluster-admin将Group system:masters与Role cluster-admin绑定，该Role授予API的权限
● 该证书只有被kubectl当做client证书使用，所以hosts字段为空生成证书和私钥
cd /opt/k8s/work
cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem \
-config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
ls admin*创建kubeconfig文件
kubeconfig为kubectl的配置文件，包含访问apiserver的所有信息，如apiserver地址、CA证书和自身使用的证书
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
#设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials admin \
--client-certificate=/opt/k8s/work/admin.pem \
--client-key=/opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context kubernetes \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=admin \
--kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
################
--certificate-authority 验证kube-apiserver证书的根证书
--client-certificate、--client-key 刚生成的admin证书和私钥，连接kube-apiserver时使用
--embed-certs=true 将ca.pem和admin.pem证书嵌入到生成的kubectl.kubeconfig文件中 (如果不加入，写入的是证书文件路径，后续拷贝kubeconfig到其它机器时，还需要单独拷贝证书)分发kubeconfig文件
分发到所有使用kubectl命令的节点
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p ~/.kube"
scp kubectl.kubeconfig root@${node_ip}:~/.kube/config
done
#保存文件名为~/.kube/config部署ETCD集群
这里使用的ETCD为三节点高可用集群，步骤如下
- 下载和分发etcd二进制文件
- 创建etcd集群各节点的x509证书，用于加密客户端(如kubectl)与etcd集群、etcd集群之间的数据流
- 创建etcd的system unit文件，配置服务参数
- 检查集群工作状态
etcd集群各节点的名称和IP如下
k8s-01 192.168.0.50
k8s-02 192.168.0.51
k8s-03 192.168.0.52 - 注意: 没有特殊说明都在k8s-01节点操作
下载和分发etcd二进制文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
wget http://down.i4t.com/k8s1.14/etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvf etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz分发二进制文件到集群节点
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${ETCD_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64/etcd* root@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin
ssh root@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
done创建etcd证书和私钥
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > etcd-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.0.50",
"192.168.0.51",
"192.168.0.52"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
#host字段指定授权使用该证书的etcd节点IP或域名列表，需要将etcd集群的3个节点都添加其中生成证书和私钥
cd /opt/k8s/work
cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem \
-config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd
ls etcd*pem分发证书和私钥到etcd各个节点
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${ETCD_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/etcd/cert"
scp etcd*.pem root@${node_ip}:/etc/etcd/cert/
done创建etcd的启动文件 (这里将配置文件也存放在启动文件里)
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > etcd.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
Type=notify
WorkingDirectory=${ETCD_DATA_DIR}
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/etcd \\
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \\
--wal-dir=${ETCD_WAL_DIR} \\
--name=##NODE_NAME## \\
--cert-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem \\
--key-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem \\
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem \\
--peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem \\
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--peer-client-cert-auth \\
--client-cert-auth \\
--listen-peer-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2380 \\
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2380 \\
--listen-client-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \\
--advertise-client-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2379 \\
--initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster-0 \\
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_NODES} \\
--initial-cluster-state=new \\
--auto-compaction-mode=periodic \\
--auto-compaction-retention=1 \\
--max-request-bytes=33554432 \\
--quota-backend-bytes=6442450944 \\
--heartbeat-interval=250 \\
--election-timeout=2000
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF配置说明 (此处不需要修改任何配置)
- WorkDirectory、--data-dir 指定etcd工作目录和数据存储为${ETCD_DATA_DIR},需要在启动前创建这个目录 (后面跟着我操作就可以，会有创建步骤)
- --wal-dir 指定wal目录，为了提高性能，一般使用SSD和--data-dir不同的盘
- --name 指定节点名称，当--initial-cluster-state值为new时，--name的参数值必须位于--initial-cluster列表中
- --cert-file、--key-file ETCD server与client通信时使用的证书和私钥
- --trusted-ca-file 签名client证书的CA证书，用于验证client证书
- --peer-cert-file、--peer-key-file ETCD与peer通信使用的证书和私钥
- --peer-trusted-ca-file 签名peer证书的CA证书，用于验证peer证书
为各个节点分发启动文件
#分发会将配置文件中的#替换成ip
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
do
sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${MASTER_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${ETCD_IPS[i]}/" etcd.service.template > etcd-${ETCD_IPS[i]}.service
done
ls *.service
#NODE_NAMES 和 NODE_IPS 为相同长度的 bash 数组，分别为节点名称和对应的 IP；分发生成的etcd启动文件到对应的服务器
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp etcd-${node_ip}.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/etcd.service
done重命名etcd启动文件并启动etcd服务
etcd首次进程启动会等待其他节点加入etcd集群，执行启动命令会卡顿一会，为正常现象
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p ${ETCD_DATA_DIR} ${ETCD_WAL_DIR}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable etcd && systemctl restart etcd " &
done
#这里我们创建了etcd的工作目录检查启动结果
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status etcd|grep Active"
done正常状态
如果etcd集群状态不是active (running)，请使用下面命令查看etcd日志
journalctl -fu etcd验证ETCD集群状态
不是完etcd集群后，在任一etcd节点执行下命令
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/k8s/bin/etcdctl \
--endpoints=https://${node_ip}:2379 \
--cacert=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--cert=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem \
--key=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem endpoint health
done正常状态如下
我们还可以通过下面命令查看当前etcd集群leader
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/k8s/bin/etcdctl \
-w table --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--cert=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem \
--key=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} endpoint status正常状态如下
部署Flannel网络
Kubernetes要求集群内各个节点(包括master)能通过Pod网段互联互通，Flannel使用vxlan技术为各个节点创建一个互通的Pod网络，使用的端口为8472.第一次启动时，从etcd获取配置的Pod网络，为本节点分配一个未使用的地址段，然后创建flannel.1网络接口(也可能是其它名称)flannel将分配给自己的Pod网段信息写入/run/flannel/docker文件，docker后续使用这个文件中的环境变量设置Docker0网桥，从而从这个地址段为本节点的所有Pod容器分配IP
下载分发flanneld二进制文件 (本次flanneld不使用Pod运行)
cd /opt/k8s/work
mkdir flannel
wget http://down.i4t.com/k8s1.14/flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C flannel分发二进制文件到所有集群的节点
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp flannel/{flanneld,mk-docker-opts.sh} root@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
ssh root@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
done创建Flannel证书和私钥
flanneld从etcd集群存取网段分配信息，而etcd集群开启了双向x509证书认证，所以需要为flannel生成证书和私钥
创建证书签名请求
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > flanneld-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "flanneld",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF生成证书和私钥
cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem \
-config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes flanneld-csr.json | cfssljson -bare flanneld
ls flanneld*pem将生成的证书和私钥分发到所有节点
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/flanneld/cert"
scp flanneld*.pem root@${node_ip}:/etc/flanneld/cert
done向etcd写入Pod网段信息
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
etcdctl \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
--ca-file=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/opt/k8s/work/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/opt/k8s/work/flanneld-key.pem \
mk ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/config '{"Network":"'${CLUSTER_CIDR}'", "SubnetLen": 21, "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'注意:
flanneld当前版本v0.11.0不支持etcd v3，故使用etcd v2 API写入配置Key和网段数据；
写入的Pod网段${CLUSTER_CIDR}地址段(如/16)必须小于SubnetLen，必须与kube-controller-manager的--cluster-cidr参数一致
创建flanneld的启动文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > flanneld.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
After=etcd.service
Before=docker.service
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/flanneld \\
-etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
-etcd-certfile=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem \\
-etcd-keyfile=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem \\
-etcd-endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \\
-etcd-prefix=${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX} \\
-iface=${IFACE} \\
-ip-masq
ExecStartPost=/opt/k8s/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/docker
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
StartLimitInterval=0
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
RequiredBy=docker.service
EOF- mk-docker-opts.sh 脚本将分配给 flanneld 的 Pod 子网段信息写入 /run/flannel/docker 文件，后续 docker 启动时使用这个文件中的环境变量配置 docker0 网桥；
- flanneld 使用系统缺省路由所在的接口与其它节点通信，对于有多个网络接口（如内网和公网）的节点，可以用 -iface 参数指定通信接口;
- flanneld 运行时需要 root 权限；
- -ip-masq: flanneld 为访问 Pod 网络外的流量设置 SNAT 规则，同时将传递给 Docker 的变量 --ip-masq（/run/flannel/docker 文件中）设置为 false，这样 Docker 将不再创建 SNAT 规则； Docker 的 --ip-masq 为 true 时，创建的 SNAT 规则比较“暴力”：将所有本节点 Pod 发起的、访问非 docker0 接口的请求做 SNAT，这样访问其他节点 Pod 的请求来源 IP 会被设置为 flannel.1 接口的 IP，导致目的 Pod 看不到真实的来源 Pod IP。 flanneld 创建的 SNAT 规则比较温和，只对访问非 Pod 网段的请求做 SNAT。
分发启动文件到所有节点
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp flanneld.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/
done启动flanneld服务
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable flanneld && systemctl restart flanneld"
done检查启动结果
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status flanneld|grep Active"
done检查分配给flanneld的Pod网段信息
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
etcdctl \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem \
get ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/config查看已分配的Pod子网网段列表
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
etcdctl \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem \
ls ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/subnets查看某Pod网段对应节点IP和flannel接口地址
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
etcdctl \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem \
get ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/subnets/172.30.16.0-21
#后面节点IP需要根据我们查出来的地址进行修改查看节点flannel网络信息
ip addr showflannel.1网卡的地址为分配的pod自网段的第一个个IP (.0)，且是/32的地址
ip addr show|grep flannel.1到其它节点 Pod 网段请求都被转发到 flannel.1 网卡；
flanneld 根据 etcd 中子网段的信息，如 ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/subnets/172.30.80.0-21 ，来决定进请求发送给哪个节点的互联 IP；
验证各节点能通过 Pod 网段互通
在各节点上部署 flannel 后，检查是否创建了 flannel 接口(名称可能为 flannel0、flannel.0、flannel.1 等)：
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh ${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/ip addr show flannel.1|grep -w inet"
donekube-apiserver 高可用
- 使用Nginx 4层透明代理功能实现k8s节点(master节点和worker节点)高可用访问kube-apiserver的步骤
- 控制节点的kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler是多实例部署，所以只要一个实例正常，就可以保证集群高可用
- 集群内的Pod使用k8s服务域名kubernetes访问kube-apiserver，kube-dns会自动解析多个kube-apiserver节点的IP，所以也是高可用的
- 在每个Nginx进程，后端对接多个apiserver实例，Nginx对他们做健康检查和负载均衡
- kubelet、kube-proxy、controller-manager、schedule通过本地nginx (监听我们vip 192.158.0.54)访问kube-apiserver，从而实现kube-apiserver高可用
下载编译nginx (k8s-01安装就可以，后面有拷贝步骤)
cd /opt/k8s/work
wget http://down.i4t.com/k8s1.14/nginx-1.15.3.tar.gz
tar -xzvf nginx-1.15.3.tar.gz
#编译
cd /opt/k8s/work/nginx-1.15.3
mkdir nginx-prefix
./configure --with-stream --without-http --prefix=$(pwd)/nginx-prefix --without-http_uwsgi_module
make && make install
#############
--without-http_scgi_module --without-http_fastcgi_module
--with-stream：开启 4 层透明转发(TCP Proxy)功能；
--without-xxx：关闭所有其他功能，这样生成的动态链接二进制程序依赖最小；查看 nginx 动态链接的库：
ldd ./nginx-prefix/sbin/nginx由于只开启了 4 层透明转发功能，所以除了依赖 libc 等操作系统核心 lib 库外，没有对其它 lib 的依赖(如 libz、libssl 等)，这样可以方便部署到各版本操作系统中
创建目录结构
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
mkdir -p /opt/k8s/kube-nginx/{conf,logs,sbin}
done拷贝二进制程序到其他主机 (有报错执行2遍就可以)
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp /opt/k8s/work/nginx-1.15.3/nginx-prefix/sbin/nginx root@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/kube-nginx/sbin/kube-nginx
ssh root@${node_ip} "chmod a+x /opt/k8s/kube-nginx/sbin/*"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /opt/k8s/kube-nginx/{conf,logs,sbin}"
sleep 3
done配置Nginx文件，开启4层透明转发
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > kube-nginx.conf <<EOF
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
stream {
upstream backend {
hash $remote_addr consistent;
server 192.168.0.50:6443 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
server 192.168.0.51:6443 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
server 192.168.0.52:6443 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}
server {
listen *:8443;
proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
proxy_pass backend;
}
}
EOF
#这里需要将server替换我们自己的地址分发配置文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-nginx.conf root@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/kube-nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf
done配置Nginx启动文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > kube-nginx.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=kube-apiserver nginx proxy
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStartPre=/opt/k8s/kube-nginx/sbin/kube-nginx -c /opt/k8s/kube-nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf -p /opt/k8s/kube-nginx -t
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/kube-nginx/sbin/kube-nginx -c /opt/k8s/kube-nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf -p /opt/k8s/kube-nginx
ExecReload=/opt/k8s/kube-nginx/sbin/kube-nginx -c /opt/k8s/kube-nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf -p /opt/k8s/kube-nginx -s reload
PrivateTmp=true
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
StartLimitInterval=0
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF分发nginx启动文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-nginx.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/
done启动 kube-nginx 服务
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-nginx && systemctl start kube-nginx"
done检查 kube-nginx 服务运行状态
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-nginx |grep 'Active:'"
doneKeepLived 部署
前面我们也说了，高可用方案需要一个VIP，供集群内部访问
在所有master节点安装keeplived
yum install -y keepalived接下来我们要配置keeplive服务
192.168.0.50配置
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id 192.168.0.50
}
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_port.sh 8443"
interval 2
weight -20
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 251
priority 100
advert_int 1
mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.50
nopreempt
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 11111111
}
track_script {
chk_nginx
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.0.54
}
}
EOF
## 192.168.0.50 为节点IP，192.168.0.54位VIP将配置拷贝到其他节点，并替换相关IP
for node_ip in 192.168.0.50 192.168.0.51 192.168.0.52
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf $node_ip:/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
done
#替换IP
ssh root@192.168.0.51 sed -i 's#192.168.0.50#192.168.0.51#g' /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
ssh root@192.168.0.52 sed -i 's#192.168.0.50#192.168.0.52#g' /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
#192.168.0.50不替换是因为已经修改好了创建健康检查脚本
vim /opt/check_port.sh
CHK_PORT=$1
if [ -n "$CHK_PORT" ];then
PORT_PROCESS=`ss -lt|grep $CHK_PORT|wc -l`
if [ $PORT_PROCESS -eq 0 ];then
echo "Port $CHK_PORT Is Not Used,End."
exit 1
fi
else
echo "Check Port Cant Be Empty!"
fi启动keeplived
for NODE in k8s-01 k8s-02 k8s-03; do
echo "--- $NODE ---"
scp -r /opt/check_port.sh $NODE:/etc/keepalived/
ssh $NODE 'systemctl enable --now keepalived'
done启动完毕后ping 192.168.0.54 (VIP)
[root@abcdocker-k8s03 ~]# ping 192.168.0.54
PING 192.168.0.54 (192.168.0.54) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.0.54: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms
^C
--- 192.168.0.54 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.055/0.055/0.055/0.000 ms
#如果没有启动，请检查原因。 ps -ef|grep keep 检查是否启动成功
#没有启动成功，请执行下面命令，从新启动。启动成功vip肯定就通了
systemctl start keepalived部署master节点
kubernetes master节点运行组件如下:kube-apiserver、kube-scheduler、kube-controller-manager、kube-nginx
- kube-apiserver、kube-scheduler、kube-controller-manager均以多实例模式运行
- kube-scheduler和kube-controller-manager会自动选举一个leader实例，其他实例处于阻塞模式，当leader挂了后，重新选举产生的leader，从而保证服务可用性
- kube-apiserver是无状态的，需要通过kube-nginx进行代理访问，从而保证服务可用性
以下操作都在K8s-01操作
下载kubernetes二进制包，并分发到所有master节点
cd /opt/k8s/work
wget http://down.i4t.com/k8s1.14/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes
tar -xzvf kubernetes-src.tar.gz将压缩包的文件拷贝到所有master节点上
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kubernetes/server/bin/{apiextensions-apiserver,cloud-controller-manager,kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-proxy,kube-scheduler,kubeadm,kubectl,kubelet,mounter} root@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
ssh root@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
done创建Kubernetes 证书和私钥
创建签证签名请求
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.0.50",
"192.168.0.51",
"192.168.0.52",
"192.168.0.54",
"10.254.0.1",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local."
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
#需要将集群的所有IP及VIP添加进去
#如果要添加注意最后的逗号，不要忘记添加，否则下一步报错hosts 字段指定授权使用该证书的IP和域名列表，这里列出了master节点IP、kubernetes服务的IP和域名
kubernetes serviceIP是apiserver自动创建的，一般是--service-cluster-ip-range参数指定的网段的第一个IP
$ kubectl get svc kubernetes
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.254.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 31d生成证书和私钥
cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem \
-config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes
ls kubernetes*pem将生成的证书和私钥文件拷贝到所有master节点
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/cert"
scp kubernetes*.pem root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
done创建加密配置文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > encryption-config.yaml <<EOF
kind: EncryptionConfig
apiVersion: v1
resources:
- resources:
- secrets
providers:
- aescbc:
keys:
- name: key1
secret: ${ENCRYPTION_KEY}
- identity: {}
EOF将加密配置文件拷贝到master节点的/etc/kubernetes目录下
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp encryption-config.yaml root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/
done创建审计策略文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > audit-policy.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Policy
rules:
# The following requests were manually identified as high-volume and low-risk, so drop them.
- level: None
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- endpoints
- services
- services/status
users:
- 'system:kube-proxy'
verbs:
- watch
- level: None
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- nodes
- nodes/status
userGroups:
- 'system:nodes'
verbs:
- get
- level: None
namespaces:
- kube-system
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- endpoints
users:
- 'system:kube-controller-manager'
- 'system:kube-scheduler'
- 'system:serviceaccount:kube-system:endpoint-controller'
verbs:
- get
- update
- level: None
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- namespaces
- namespaces/status
- namespaces/finalize
users:
- 'system:apiserver'
verbs:
- get
# Don't log HPA fetching metrics.
- level: None
resources:
- group: metrics.k8s.io
users:
- 'system:kube-controller-manager'
verbs:
- get
- list
# Don't log these read-only URLs.
- level: None
nonResourceURLs:
- '/healthz*'
- /version
- '/swagger*'
# Don't log events requests.
- level: None
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- events
# node and pod status calls from nodes are high-volume and can be large, don't log responses for expected updates from nodes
- level: Request
omitStages:
- RequestReceived
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- nodes/status
- pods/status
users:
- kubelet
- 'system:node-problem-detector'
- 'system:serviceaccount:kube-system:node-problem-detector'
verbs:
- update
- patch
- level: Request
omitStages:
- RequestReceived
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- nodes/status
- pods/status
userGroups:
- 'system:nodes'
verbs:
- update
- patch
# deletecollection calls can be large, don't log responses for expected namespace deletions
- level: Request
omitStages:
- RequestReceived
users:
- 'system:serviceaccount:kube-system:namespace-controller'
verbs:
- deletecollection
# Secrets, ConfigMaps, and TokenReviews can contain sensitive & binary data,
# so only log at the Metadata level.
- level: Metadata
omitStages:
- RequestReceived
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- secrets
- configmaps
- group: authentication.k8s.io
resources:
- tokenreviews
# Get repsonses can be large; skip them.
- level: Request
omitStages:
- RequestReceived
resources:
- group: ""
- group: admissionregistration.k8s.io
- group: apiextensions.k8s.io
- group: apiregistration.k8s.io
- group: apps
- group: authentication.k8s.io
- group: authorization.k8s.io
- group: autoscaling
- group: batch
- group: certificates.k8s.io
- group: extensions
- group: metrics.k8s.io
- group: networking.k8s.io
- group: policy
- group: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
- group: scheduling.k8s.io
- group: settings.k8s.io
- group: storage.k8s.io
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
# Default level for known APIs
- level: RequestResponse
omitStages:
- RequestReceived
resources:
- group: ""
- group: admissionregistration.k8s.io
- group: apiextensions.k8s.io
- group: apiregistration.k8s.io
- group: apps
- group: authentication.k8s.io
- group: authorization.k8s.io
- group: autoscaling
- group: batch
- group: certificates.k8s.io
- group: extensions
- group: metrics.k8s.io
- group: networking.k8s.io
- group: policy
- group: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
- group: scheduling.k8s.io
- group: settings.k8s.io
- group: storage.k8s.io
# Default level for all other requests.
- level: Metadata
omitStages:
- RequestReceived
EOF分发审计策略文件：
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp audit-policy.yaml root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml
done创建证书签名请求
cat > proxy-client-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "aggregator",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF- CN名称需要位于kube-apiserver的--requestherader-allowed-names参数中，否则后续访问metrics时会提示权限不足
生成证书和私钥
cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \
-config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes proxy-client-csr.json | cfssljson -bare proxy-client
ls proxy-client*.pem将生成的证书和私钥文件拷贝到master节点
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp proxy-client*.pem root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
done创建kube-apiserver启动文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kube-apiserver.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-apiserver \\
--advertise-address=##NODE_IP## \\
--default-not-ready-toleration-seconds=360 \\
--default-unreachable-toleration-seconds=360 \\
--feature-gates=DynamicAuditing=true \\
--max-mutating-requests-inflight=2000 \\
--max-requests-inflight=4000 \\
--default-watch-cache-size=200 \\
--delete-collection-workers=2 \\
--encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/encryption-config.yaml \\
--etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--etcd-servers=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \\
--bind-address=##NODE_IP## \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--insecure-port=0 \\
--audit-dynamic-configuration \\
--audit-log-maxage=15 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-truncate-enabled \\
--audit-log-path=${K8S_DIR}/kube-apiserver/audit.log \\
--audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml \\
--profiling \\
--anonymous-auth=false \\
--client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \\
--requestheader-allowed-names="aggregator" \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix="X-Remote-Extra-" \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \\
--runtime-config=api/all=true \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--apiserver-count=3 \\
--event-ttl=168h \\
--kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--kubelet-https=true \\
--kubelet-timeout=10s \\
--proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/proxy-client.pem \\
--proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/proxy-client-key.pem \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=${SERVICE_CIDR} \\
--service-node-port-range=${NODE_PORT_RANGE} \\
--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF参数配置说明
--advertise-address：apiserver 对外通告的 IP（kubernetes 服务后端节点 IP）；
--default-*-toleration-seconds：设置节点异常相关的阈值；
--max-*-requests-inflight：请求相关的最大阈值；
--etcd-*：访问 etcd 的证书和 etcd 服务器地址；
--experimental-encryption-provider-config：指定用于加密 etcd 中 secret 的配置；
--bind-address： https 监听的 IP，不能为 127.0.0.1，否则外界不能访问它的安全端口 6443；
--secret-port：https 监听端口；
--insecure-port=0：关闭监听 http 非安全端口(8080)；
--tls-*-file：指定 apiserver 使用的证书、私钥和 CA 文件；
--audit-*：配置审计策略和审计日志文件相关的参数；
--client-ca-file：验证 client (kue-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy 等)请求所带的证书；
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用 kubelet bootstrap 的 token 认证；
--requestheader-*：kube-apiserver 的 aggregator layer 相关的配置参数，proxy-client & HPA 需要使用；
--requestheader-client-ca-file：用于签名 --proxy-client-cert-file 和 --proxy-client-key-file 指定的证书；在启用了 metric aggregator 时使用；
--requestheader-allowed-names：不能为空，值为逗号分割的 --proxy-client-cert-file 证书的 CN 名称，这里设置为 "aggregator"；
--service-account-key-file：签名 ServiceAccount Token 的公钥文件，kube-controller-manager 的 --service-account-private-key-file 定私钥文件，两者配对使用；
--runtime-config=api/all=true： 启用所有版本的 APIs，如 autoscaling/v2alpha1；
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC、--anonymous-auth=false： 开启 Node 和 RBAC 授权模式，拒绝未授权的请求；
--enable-admission-plugins：启用一些默认关闭的 plugins；
--allow-privileged：运行执行 privileged 权限的容器；
--apiserver-count=3：指定 apiserver 实例的数量；
--event-ttl：指定 events 的保存时间；
--kubelet-：如果指定，则使用 https 访问 kubelet APIs；需要为证书对应的用户(上面 kubernetes.pem 证书的用户为 kubernetes) 用户定义 RBAC 规则，否则访问 kubelet API 时提示未授权；
--proxy-client-*：apiserver 访问 metrics-server 使用的证书；
--service-cluster-ip-range： 指定 Service Cluster IP 地址段；
--service-node-port-range： 指定 NodePort 的端口范围；
如果 kube-apiserver 机器没有运行 kube-proxy，则还需要添加 --enable-aggregator-routing=true 参数；
关于 --requestheader-XXX 相关参数，参考：
https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/apiserver-builder/blob/master/docs/concepts/auth.md
https://docs.bitnami.com/kubernetes/how-to/configure-autoscaling-custom-metrics/注意: requestheader-client-ca-file指定的CA证书，必须具有client auth and server auth
如果--requestheader-allowed-names为空，或者--proxy-client-cert-file证书的CN名称不在allowed-names中，则后续查看node或者Pods的metrics失败
为各个节点创建和分发kube-apiserver启动文件
替换模板文件的变量，为各个节点生成启动文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ )) #这里是三个节点所以为3,请根据实际情况修改,后边不在提示,同理
do
sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${MASTER_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${MASTER_IPS[i]}/" kube-apiserver.service.template > kube-apiserver-${MASTER_IPS[i]}.service
done
ls kube-apiserver*.service分发apiserver启动文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-apiserver-${node_ip}.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
done启动apiserver
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kube-apiserver"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-apiserver && systemctl restart kube-apiserver"
done检查服务是否正常
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-apiserver |grep 'Active:'"
done确保状态为active (running)，否则查看日志，确认原因
journalctl -u kube-apiserver打印kube-apiserver写入etcd数据
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
--cacert=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
--cert=/opt/k8s/work/etcd.pem \
--key=/opt/k8s/work/etcd-key.pem \
get /registry/ --prefix --keys-only检查kube-apiserver监听的端口
netstat -lntup|grep kube
tcp 0 0 192.168.0.50:6443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 11739/kube-apiserve检查集群信息
$ kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes master is running at https://192.168.0.54:8443
To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
$ kubectl get all --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.254.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 3m5s
$ kubectl get componentstatuses
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Unhealthy Get http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: connect: connection refused
controller-manager Unhealthy Get http://127.0.0.1:10252/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10252: connect: connection refused
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}如果提示有报错，请检查~/.kube/config以及配置证书是否有问题
授权kube-apiserver访问kubelet API的权限
在执行kubectl命令时，apiserver会将请求转发到kubelet的https端口。这里定义的RBAC规则，授权apiserver使用的证书(kubernetes.pem)用户名(CN:kubernetes)访问kubelet API的权限
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes部署高可用kube-controller-manager集群
该集群包含三个节点，启动后通过竞争选举机制产生一个leader节点，其他节点为阻塞状态。当leader节点不可用时，阻塞节点将会在此选举产生新的leader，从而保证服务的高可用。为保证通信安全，这里采用x509证书和私钥，kube-controller-manager在与apiserver的安全端口（http 10252）通信使用；
创建kube-controller-manager证书和私钥
创建证书签名请求
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.0.50",
"192.168.0.51",
"192.168.0.52"
],
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF- host列表包含所有的kube-controller-manager节点IP(VIP不需要输入)
- CN和O均为system:kube-controller-manager，kubernetes内置的ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager赋予kube-controller-manager工作所需权限
生成证书和私钥
cd /opt/k8s/work
cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem \
-config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
ls kube-controller-manager*pem将生成的证书和私钥分发到所有master节点
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-controller-manager*.pem root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
done创建和分发kubeconfig文件
#kube-controller-manager使用kubeconfig文件访问apiserver
#该文件提供了apiserver地址、嵌入的CA证书和kube-controller-manager证书
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
--client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem \
--client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=system:kube-controller-manager \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig分发kubeconfig到所有master节点
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/
done创建kube-controller-manager启动文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kube-controller-manager.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-controller-manager \\
--profiling \\
--cluster-name=kubernetes \\
--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \\
--kube-api-qps=1000 \\
--kube-api-burst=2000 \\
--leader-elect \\
--use-service-account-credentials\\
--concurrent-service-syncs=2 \\
--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\
#--secure-port=10252 \\
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \\
#--port=0 \\
--authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--requestheader-allowed-names="" \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix="X-Remote-Extra-" \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=876000h \\
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \\
--concurrent-deployment-syncs=10 \\
--concurrent-gc-syncs=30 \\
--node-cidr-mask-size=24 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=${SERVICE_CIDR} \\
--pod-eviction-timeout=6m \\
--terminated-pod-gc-threshold=10000 \\
--root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF参数解释
- --port=0：关闭监听非安全端口（http），同时 --address 参数无效，--bind-address 参数有效；
- --secure-port=10252、--bind-address=0.0.0.0: 在所有网络接口监听 10252 端口的 https /metrics 请求；
- --kubeconfig：指定 kubeconfig 文件路径，kube-controller-manager 使用它连接和验证 kube-apiserver；
- --authentication-kubeconfig 和 --authorization-kubeconfig：kube-controller-manager 使用它连接 apiserver，对 client 的请求进行认证和授权。kube-controller-manager 不再使用 --tls-ca-file 对请求 https metrics 的 Client 证书进行校验。如果没有配置这两个 kubeconfig 参数，则 client 连接 kube-controller-manager https 端口的请求会被拒绝(提示权限不足)。
- --cluster-signing-*-file：签名 TLS Bootstrap 创建的证书；
- --experimental-cluster-signing-duration：指定 TLS Bootstrap 证书的有效期；
- --root-ca-file：放置到容器 ServiceAccount 中的 CA 证书，用来对 kube-apiserver 的证书进行校验；
- --service-account-private-key-file：签名 ServiceAccount 中 Token 的私钥文件，必须和 kube-apiserver 的 --service-account-key-file 指定的公钥文件配对使用；
- --service-cluster-ip-range ：指定 Service Cluster IP 网段，必须和 kube-apiserver 中的同名参数一致；
- --leader-elect=true：集群运行模式，启用选举功能；被选为 leader 的节点负责处理工作，其它节点为阻塞状态；
- --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner：启用的控制器列表，tokencleaner 用于自动清理过期的 Bootstrap token；
- --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-*：custom metrics 相关参数，支持 autoscaling/v2alpha1；
- --tls-cert-file、--tls-private-key-file：使用 https 输出 metrics 时使用的 Server 证书和秘钥；
- --use-service-account-credentials=true: kube-controller-manager 中各 controller 使用 serviceaccount 访问 kube-apiserver；
替换启动文件，并分发脚本
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
do
sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${MASTER_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${MASTER_IPS[i]}/" kube-controller-manager.service.template > kube-controller-manager-${MASTER_IPS[i]}.service
done
ls kube-controller-manager*.service分发到所有master节点
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-controller-manager-${node_ip}.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
done启动服务
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kube-controller-manager"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-controller-manager && systemctl restart kube-controller-manager"
done检查运行状态
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-controller-manager|grep Active"
done检查服务状态
netstat -lnpt | grep kube-cont
tcp6 0 0 :::10252 :::* LISTEN 13279/kube-controll
tcp6 0 0 :::10257 :::* LISTEN 13279/kube-controllkube-controller-manager 创建权限
ClusteRole system:kube-controller-manager的权限太小，只能创建secret、serviceaccount等资源,将controller的权限分散到ClusterRole system:controller:xxx中
$ kubectl describe clusterrole system:kube-controller-manager
Name: system:kube-controller-manager
Labels: kubernetes.io/bootstrapping=rbac-defaults
Annotations: rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: true
PolicyRule:
Resources Non-Resource URLs Resource Names Verbs
--------- ----------------- -------------- -----
secrets [] [] [create delete get update]
endpoints [] [] [create get update]
serviceaccounts [] [] [create get update]
events [] [] [create patch update]
tokenreviews.authentication.k8s.io [] [] [create]
subjectaccessreviews.authorization.k8s.io [] [] [create]
configmaps [] [] [get]
namespaces [] [] [get]
*.* [] [] [list watch]需要在 kube-controller-manager 的启动参数中添加 --use-service-account-credentials=true 参数，这样 main controller 会为各 controller 创建对应的 ServiceAccount XXX-controller。内置的 ClusterRoleBinding system:controller:XXX 将赋予各 XXX-controller ServiceAccount 对应的 ClusterRole system:controller:XXX 权限。
$ kubectl get clusterrole|grep controller
system:controller:attachdetach-controller 22m
system:controller:certificate-controller 22m
system:controller:clusterrole-aggregation-controller 22m
system:controller:cronjob-controller 22m
system:controller:daemon-set-controller 22m
system:controller:deployment-controller 22m
system:controller:disruption-controller 22m
system:controller:endpoint-controller 22m
system:controller:expand-controller 22m
system:controller:generic-garbage-collector 22m
system:controller:horizontal-pod-autoscaler 22m
system:controller:job-controller 22m
system:controller:namespace-controller 22m
system:controller:node-controller 22m
system:controller:persistent-volume-binder 22m
system:controller:pod-garbage-collector 22m
system:controller:pv-protection-controller 22m
system:controller:pvc-protection-controller 22m
system:controller:replicaset-controller 22m
system:controller:replication-controller 22m
system:controller:resourcequota-controller 22m
system:controller:route-controller 22m
system:controller:service-account-controller 22m
system:controller:service-controller 22m
system:controller:statefulset-controller 22m
system:controller:ttl-controller 22m
system:kube-controller-manager 22m以 deployment controller 为例：
$ kubectl describe clusterrole system:controller:deployment-controller
Name: system:controller:deployment-controller
Labels: kubernetes.io/bootstrapping=rbac-defaults
Annotations: rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: true
PolicyRule:
Resources Non-Resource URLs Resource Names Verbs
--------- ----------------- -------------- -----
replicasets.apps [] [] [create delete get list patch update watch]
replicasets.extensions [] [] [create delete get list patch update watch]
events [] [] [create patch update]
pods [] [] [get list update watch]
deployments.apps [] [] [get list update watch]
deployments.extensions [] [] [get list update watch]
deployments.apps/finalizers [] [] [update]
deployments.apps/status [] [] [update]
deployments.extensions/finalizers [] [] [update]
deployments.extensions/status [] [] [update]查看当前的 leader
$ kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
annotations:
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"abcdocker-k8s01_56e187ed-bc5b-11e9-b4a3-000c291b8bf5","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2019-08-11T17:13:29Z","renewTime":"2019-08-11T17:19:06Z","leaderTransitions":0}'
creationTimestamp: "2019-08-11T17:13:29Z"
name: kube-controller-manager
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "848"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager
uid: 56e64ea1-bc5b-11e9-b77e-000c291b8bf5部署高可用kube-scheduler
创建 kube-scheduler 证书和私钥
创建证书签名请求：
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.0.50",
"192.168.0.51",
"192.168.0.52"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:kube-scheduler",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF- hosts 列表包含所有 kube-scheduler 节点 IP；
- CN 和 O 均为 system:kube-scheduler，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-scheduler 将赋予 kube-scheduler 工作所需的权限；
生成证书和私钥：
cd /opt/k8s/work
cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem \
-config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
ls kube-scheduler*pem将生成的证书和私钥分发到所有 master 节点
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-scheduler*.pem root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
done创建和分发 kubeconfig 文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \
--client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem \
--client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=system:kube-scheduler \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig分发 kubeconfig 到所有 master 节点
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/
done创建 kube-scheduler 配置文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat >kube-scheduler.yaml.template <<EOF
apiVersion: kubescheduler.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeSchedulerConfiguration
bindTimeoutSeconds: 600
clientConnection:
burst: 200
kubeconfig: "/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
qps: 100
enableContentionProfiling: false
enableProfiling: true
hardPodAffinitySymmetricWeight: 1
healthzBindAddress: 127.0.0.1:10251
leaderElection:
leaderElect: true
metricsBindAddress: ##NODE_IP##:10251
EOF- --kubeconfig：指定 kubeconfig 文件路径，kube-scheduler 使用它连接和验证 kube-apiserver；
- --leader-elect=true：集群运行模式，启用选举功能；被选为 leader 的节点负责处理工作，其它节点为阻塞状态；
替换模板文件中的变量：
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
do
sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${NODE_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${NODE_IPS[i]}/" kube-scheduler.yaml.template > kube-scheduler-${NODE_IPS[i]}.yaml
done
ls kube-scheduler*.yaml分发 kube-scheduler 配置文件到所有 master 节点：
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-scheduler-${node_ip}.yaml root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.yaml
done创建kube-scheduler启动文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > kube-scheduler.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-scheduler \\
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.yaml \\
--bind-address=##NODE_IP## \\
--secure-port=10259 \\
--port=0 \\
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-scheduler.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-scheduler-key.pem \\
--authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \\
--client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--requestheader-allowed-names="" \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix="X-Remote-Extra-" \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \\
--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
StartLimitInterval=0
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF分发配置文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
do
sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${NODE_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${NODE_IPS[i]}/" kube-scheduler.service.template > kube-scheduler-${NODE_IPS[i]}.service
done
ls kube-scheduler*.service
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-scheduler-${node_ip}.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
done启动kube-scheduler
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kube-scheduler"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-scheduler && systemctl restart kube-scheduler"
done检查服务运行状态
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-scheduler|grep Active"
done查看输出的 metrics
注意：以下命令在 kube-scheduler 节点上执行。
kube-scheduler 监听 10251 和 10251 端口：
10251：接收 http 请求，非安全端口，不需要认证授权；
10259：接收 https 请求，安全端口，需要认证授权；
两个接口都对外提供 /metrics 和 /healthz 的访问。
curl -s http://192.168.0.50:10251/metrics|head
# HELP apiserver_audit_event_total Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counter
apiserver_audit_event_total 0
# HELP apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total Counter of apiserver requests rejected due to an error in audit logging backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total counter
apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total 0
# HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
# TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="1800"} 0查看当前leader
$ kubectl get endpoints kube-scheduler --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
annotations:
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"abcdocker-k8s01_72210df0-bc5d-11e9-9ca8-000c291b8bf5","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2019-08-11T17:28:35Z","renewTime":"2019-08-11T17:31:06Z","leaderTransitions":0}'
creationTimestamp: "2019-08-11T17:28:35Z"
name: kube-scheduler
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "1500"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-scheduler
uid: 72bcd72f-bc5d-11e9-b77e-000c291b8bf5work节点安装
kubernetes work节点运行如下组件: >docker、kubelet、kube-proxy、flanneld、kube-nginx
前面已经安装flanneld这就不在安装了
安装依赖包
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "yum install -y epel-release"
ssh root@${node_ip} "yum install -y conntrack ipvsadm ntp ntpdate ipset jq iptables curl sysstat libseccomp && modprobe ip_vs "
done部署Docker组件
我们在所有节点安装docker，这里使用阿里云的yum安装
Docker步骤需要在所有节点安装
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum makecache fast
yum -y install docker-ce创建配置文件
mkdir -p /etc/docker/
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"registry-mirrors": ["https://hjvrgh7a.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
#这里配置当时镜像加速器,可以不进行配置，但是建议配置
要添加我们harbor仓库需要在添加下面一行
"insecure-registries": ["harbor.i4t.com"],
默认docker hub需要https协议，使用上面配置不需要配置https修改Docker启动参数
这里需要在所有的节点上修改docker配置！！
EnvironmentFile=-/run/flannel/docker
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock完整配置如下
$ cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
BindsTo=containerd.service
After=network-online.target firewalld.service containerd.service
Wants=network-online.target
Requires=docker.socket
[Service]
Type=notify
# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still
# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required
# for containers run by docker
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
EnvironmentFile=-/run/flannel/docker
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutSec=0
RestartSec=2
Restart=always
# Note that StartLimit* options were moved from "Service" to "Unit" in systemd 229.
# Both the old, and new location are accepted by systemd 229 and up, so using the old location
# to make them work for either version of systemd.
StartLimitBurst=3
# Note that StartLimitInterval was renamed to StartLimitIntervalSec in systemd 230.
# Both the old, and new name are accepted by systemd 230 and up, so using the old name to make
# this option work for either version of systemd.
StartLimitInterval=60s
# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
# Comment TasksMax if your systemd version does not support it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this option.
TasksMax=infinity
# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers
Delegate=yes
# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target启动 docker 服务
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable docker && systemctl restart docker"
done检查服务运行状态
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status docker|grep Active"
done检查 docker0 网桥
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/ip addr show flannel.1 && /usr/sbin/ip addr show docker0"
done查看 docker 的状态信息
docker info
#查看docker版本以及存储引擎是否是overlay2以上Docker步骤，有很多需要进入每台服务器进行修改配置文件！！
部署kubelet组件
kubelet运行在每个worker节点上，接收kube-apiserver发送的请求，管理Pod容器，执行交互命令
kubelet启动时自动向kube-apiserver注册节点信息，内置的cAdivsor统计和监控节点的资源使用资源情况。为确保安全，部署时关闭了kubelet的非安全http端口，对请求进行认证和授权，拒绝未授权的访问
创建kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_name}"
# 创建 token
export BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(kubeadm token create \
--description kubelet-bootstrap-token \
--groups system:bootstrappers:${node_name} \
--kubeconfig ~/.kube/config)
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
--token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap \
--kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig
done- 向kubeconfig写入的是token，bootstrap结束后kube-controller-manager为kubelet创建client和server证书
查看kubeadm为各个节点创建的token
$ kubeadm token list --kubeconfig ~/.kube/config
TOKEN TTL EXPIRES USAGES DESCRIPTION EXTRA GROUPS
ds9td8.wazmxhtaznrweknk 23h 2019-08-13T01:54:57+08:00 authentication,signing kubelet-bootstrap-token system:bootstrappers:k8s-01
hy5ssz.4zi4e079ovxba52x 23h 2019-08-13T01:54:58+08:00 authentication,signing kubelet-bootstrap-token system:bootstrappers:k8s-03
pkkcl0.l7syoup3jedt7c3l 23h 2019-08-13T01:54:57+08:00 authentication,signing kubelet-bootstrap-token system:bootstrappers:k8s-02
tubfqq.mja239hszl4rmron 23h 2019-08-13T01:54:58+08:00 authentication,signing kubelet-bootstrap-token system:bootstrappers:k8s-04- token有效期为1天，超期后将不能被用来bootstrap kubelet，且会被kube-controller-manager的token cleaner清理
- kube-apiserver接收kubelet的bootstrap token后，将请求的user设置为system:bootstrap; group设置为system:bootstrappers，后续将为这个group设置ClusterRoleBinding
查看各token关联的Secret
$ kubectl get secrets -n kube-system|grep bootstrap-token
bootstrap-token-ds9td8 bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token 7 3m15s
bootstrap-token-hy5ssz bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token 7 3m14s
bootstrap-token-pkkcl0 bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token 7 3m15s
bootstrap-token-tubfqq bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token 7 3m14s分发 bootstrap kubeconfig 文件到所有 worker 节点
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_name}"
scp kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig root@${node_name}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
done创建和分发kubelet参数配置
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kubelet-config.yaml.template <<EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: "##NODE_IP##"
staticPodPath: ""
syncFrequency: 1m
fileCheckFrequency: 20s
httpCheckFrequency: 20s
staticPodURL: ""
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 0
rotateCertificates: true
serverTLSBootstrap: true
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: "/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem"
authorization:
mode: Webhook
registryPullQPS: 0
registryBurst: 20
eventRecordQPS: 0
eventBurst: 20
enableDebuggingHandlers: true
enableContentionProfiling: true
healthzPort: 10248
healthzBindAddress: "##NODE_IP##"
clusterDomain: "${CLUSTER_DNS_DOMAIN}"
clusterDNS:
- "${CLUSTER_DNS_SVC_IP}"
nodeStatusUpdateFrequency: 10s
nodeStatusReportFrequency: 1m
imageMinimumGCAge: 2m
imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
volumeStatsAggPeriod: 1m
kubeletCgroups: ""
systemCgroups: ""
cgroupRoot: ""
cgroupsPerQOS: true
cgroupDriver: systemd
runtimeRequestTimeout: 10m
hairpinMode: promiscuous-bridge
maxPods: 220
podCIDR: "${CLUSTER_CIDR}"
podPidsLimit: -1
resolvConf: /etc/resolv.conf
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
kubeAPIQPS: 1000
kubeAPIBurst: 2000
serializeImagePulls: false
evictionHard:
memory.available: "100Mi"
nodefs.available: "10%"
nodefs.inodesFree: "5%"
imagefs.available: "15%"
evictionSoft: {}
enableControllerAttachDetach: true
failSwapOn: true
containerLogMaxSize: 20Mi
containerLogMaxFiles: 10
systemReserved: {}
kubeReserved: {}
systemReservedCgroup: ""
kubeReservedCgroup: ""
enforceNodeAllocatable: ["pods"]
EOF- address：kubelet 安全端口（https，10250）监听的地址，不能为 127.0.0.1，否则 kube-apiserver、heapster 等不能调用 kubelet 的 API；
- readOnlyPort=0：关闭只读端口(默认 10255)，等效为未指定；
- authentication.anonymous.enabled：设置为 false，不允许匿名访问 10250 端口；
- authentication.x509.clientCAFile：指定签名客户端证书的 CA 证书，开启 HTTP 证书认证；
- authentication.webhook.enabled=true：开启 HTTPs bearer token 认证；
- 对于未通过 x509 证书和 webhook 认证的请求(kube-apiserver 或其他客户端)，将被拒绝，提示 Unauthorized；
- authroization.mode=Webhook：kubelet 使用 SubjectAccessReview API 查询 kube-apiserver 某 user、group 是否具有操作资源的权限(RBAC)；
- featureGates.RotateKubeletClientCertificate、featureGates.RotateKubeletServerCertificate：自动 rotate 证书，证书的有效期取决于 kube-controller-manager 的 --experimental-cluster-signing-duration 参数；
- 需要 root 账户运行；
为各个节点创建和分发kubelet配置文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
sed -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${node_ip}/" kubelet-config.yaml.template > kubelet-config-${node_ip}.yaml.template
scp kubelet-config-${node_ip}.yaml.template root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-config.yaml
done创建和分发kubelet启动文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kubelet.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kubelet \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/cert \\
--cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d \\
--container-runtime=docker \\
--container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/dockershim.sock \\
--root-dir=${K8S_DIR}/kubelet \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-config.yaml \\
--hostname-override=##NODE_NAME## \\
--pod-infra-container-image=gcr.azk8s.cn/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.1 \\
--image-pull-progress-deadline=15m \\
--volume-plugin-dir=${K8S_DIR}/kubelet/kubelet-plugins/volume/exec/ \\
--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
StartLimitInterval=0
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF- 如果设置了 --hostname-override 选项，则 kube-proxy 也需要设置该选项，否则会出现找不到 Node 的情况；
- --bootstrap-kubeconfig：指向 bootstrap kubeconfig 文件，kubelet 使用该文件中的用户名和 token 向 kube-apiserver 发送 TLS Bootstrapping 请求；
- K8S approve kubelet 的 csr 请求后，在 --cert-dir 目录创建证书和私钥文件，然后写入 --kubeconfig 文件；
- --pod-infra-container-image 不使用 redhat 的 pod-infrastructure:latest 镜像，它不能回收容器的僵尸；
分发启动文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_name}"
sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${node_name}/" kubelet.service.template > kubelet-${node_name}.service
scp kubelet-${node_name}.service root@${node_name}:/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
done
Bootstrap Token Auth 和授予权限 kubelet 启动时查找 --kubeletconfig
参数对应的文件是否存在，如果不存在则使用 --bootstrap-kubeconfig 指定的 kubeconfig 文件向
kube-apiserver 发送证书签名请求 (CSR)。 kube-apiserver 收到 CSR 请求后，对其中的 Token
进行认证，认证通过后将请求的 user 设置为 system:bootstrap:，group 设置为
system:bootstrappers，这一过程称为 Bootstrap Token Auth。创建user和group的CSR权限，不创建kubelet会启动失败
$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --group=system:bootstrappers启动 kubelet 服务
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kubelet/kubelet-plugins/volume/exec/"
ssh root@${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/swapoff -a"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl restart kubelet"
done关闭 swap 分区，否则 kubelet 会启动失败；
kubelet 启动后使用 --bootstrap-kubeconfig 向 kube-apiserver 发送 CSR 请求，当这个
CSR 被 approve 后，kube-controller-manager 为 kubelet 创建 TLS 客户端证书、私钥和
--kubeletconfig 文件。 注意：kube-controller-manager 需要配置 --cluster-signing-cert-file 和 --cluster-signing-key-file 参数，才会为 TLS Bootstrap 创建证书和私钥。
$ kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
csr-22kt2 38s system:bootstrap:pkkcl0 Pending
csr-f9trc 37s system:bootstrap:tubfqq Pending
csr-v7jt2 38s system:bootstrap:ds9td8 Pending
csr-zrww2 37s system:bootstrap:hy5ssz Pending这里4个节点均处于pending(等待)状态
自动approve CSR请求
创建三个ClusterRoleBinding，分别用于自动approve client、renew client、renew server证书
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > csr-crb.yaml <<EOF
# Approve all CSRs for the group "system:bootstrappers"
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: auto-approve-csrs-for-group
subjects:
- kind: Group
name: system:bootstrappers
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
# To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own credentials
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: node-client-cert-renewal
subjects:
- kind: Group
name: system:nodes
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
# A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node requesting a
# serving cert matching its client cert.
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
rules:
- apiGroups: ["certificates.k8s.io"]
resources: ["certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeserver"]
verbs: ["create"]
---
# To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own server credentials
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: node-server-cert-renewal
subjects:
- kind: Group
name: system:nodes
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
EOF
kubectl apply -f csr-crb.yaml- auto-approve-csrs-for-group 自动approve node的第一次CSR，注意第一次CSR时，请求的Group为system:bootstrappers
- node-client-cert-renewal 自动approve node后续过期的client证书，自动生成的证书Group为system:nodes
- node-server-cert-renewal 自动approve node后续过期的server证书，自动生成的证书Group
查看kubelet
等待1-10分钟，3个节点的CSR都会自动approved
$ kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
csr-22kt2 4m48s system:bootstrap:pkkcl0 Approved,Issued
csr-d8tvc 77s system:node:k8s-01 Pending
csr-f9trc 4m47s system:bootstrap:tubfqq Approved,Issued
csr-kcdvx 76s system:node:k8s-02 Pending
csr-m8k8t 75s system:node:k8s-04 Pending
csr-v7jt2 4m48s system:bootstrap:ds9td8 Approved,Issued
csr-wwvwd 76s system:node:k8s-03 Pending
csr-zrww2 4m47s system:bootstrap:hy5ssz Approved,IssuedPending的CSR用于创建kubelet serve证书，需要手动approve (后面步骤)
目前所有节点均为ready状态
[root@abcdocker-k8s01 work]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-01 Ready <none> 2m29s v1.14.2
k8s-02 Ready <none> 2m28s v1.14.2
k8s-03 Ready <none> 2m28s v1.14.2
k8s-04 Ready <none> 2m27s v1.14.2kube-controller-manager为各node生成了kubeconfig文件和公钥
$ ls -l /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig
-rw------- 1 root root 2313 Aug 12 02:04 /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig
$ ls -l /etc/kubernetes/cert/|grep kubelet
-rw------- 1 root root 1273 Aug 12 02:07 kubelet-client-2019-08-12-02-07-59.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 59 Aug 12 02:07 kubelet-client-current.pem -> /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-client-2019-08-12-02-07-59.pem手动approve server cert csr
基于安全考虑，CSR approving controllers不会自动approve kubelet server证书签名请求，需要手动approve
kubectl get csr | grep Pending | awk '{print $1}' | xargs kubectl certificate approve
kubelet API接口
kubelet启动后监听多个端口，用于接受kube-apiserver或其他客户端发送的请求
netstat -lntup|grep kubelet
tcp 0 0 192.168.0.50:10248 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 49491/kubelet
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:45737 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 49491/kubelet
tcp 0 0 192.168.0.50:10250 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 49491/kubelet- 10248: healthz http 服务；
- 10250: https 服务，访问该端口时需要认证和授权（即使访问 /healthz 也需要）；
未开启只读端口 10255；
- 从 K8S v1.10 开始，去除了 --cadvisor-port 参数（默认 4194 端口），不支持访问 cAdvisor UI & API
bear token认证和授权
创建一个ServiceAccount，将它和ClusterRole system:kubelet-api-admin绑定，从而具有调用kubelet API的权限
kubectl create sa kubelet-api-test
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-api-test --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --serviceaccount=default:kubelet-api-test
SECRET=$(kubectl get secrets | grep kubelet-api-test | awk '{print $1}')
TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret ${SECRET} | grep -E '^token' | awk '{print $2}')
echo ${TOKEN}部署kube-proxy组件
kube-proxy运行在所有worker节点上，它监听apiserver中service和endpoint的变化情况，创建路由规则提供服务IP和负载均衡功能。这里使用ipvs模式的kube-proxy进行部署
在各个节点需要安装ipvsadm和ipset命令，加载ip_vs内核模块
创建kube-proxy证书签名请求
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF- CN：指定该证书的 User 为 system:kube-proxy；
- 预定义的 RoleBinding system:node-proxier 将User system:kube-proxy 与 Role system:node-proxier 绑定，该 Role 授予了调用 kube-apiserver Proxy 相关 API 的权限；
- 该证书只会被 kube-proxy 当做 client 证书使用，所以 hosts 字段为空；
生成证书和私钥：
cd /opt/k8s/work
cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem \
-config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
ls kube-proxy*创建和分发 kubeconfig 文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig- --embed-certs=true：将 ca.pem 和 admin.pem 证书内容嵌入到生成的kubectl-proxy.kubeconfig文件中(不加时，写入的是证书文件路径)；
分发 kubeconfig 文件：
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_name}"
scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@${node_name}:/etc/kubernetes/
done创建kube-proxy配置文件
从v1.10开始，kube-proxy部分参数可以配置在文件中，可以使用--write-config-to选项生成该配置文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > kube-proxy-config.yaml.template <<EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
clientConnection:
burst: 200
kubeconfig: "/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
qps: 100
bindAddress: ##NODE_IP##
healthzBindAddress: ##NODE_IP##:10256
metricsBindAddress: ##NODE_IP##:10249
enableProfiling: true
clusterCIDR: ${CLUSTER_CIDR}
hostnameOverride: ##NODE_NAME##
mode: "ipvs"
portRange: ""
kubeProxyIPTablesConfiguration:
masqueradeAll: false
kubeProxyIPVSConfiguration:
scheduler: rr
excludeCIDRs: []
EOF- bindAddress: 监听地址；
- clientConnection.kubeconfig: 连接 apiserver 的 kubeconfig 文件；
- -clusterCIDR: kube-proxy 根据 --cluster-cidr判断集群内部和外部流量，指定 --cluster-cidr 或 --masquerade-all 选项后 kube-proxy 才会对访问 Service IP 的请求做 SNAT；
- hostnameOverride: 参数值必须与 kubelet 的值一致，否则 kube-proxy 启动后会找不到该 Node，从而不会创建任何 ipvs 规则；
- mode: 使用 ipvs 模式；
分发和创建kube-proxy配置文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for (( i=0; i < 4; i++ ))
do
echo ">>> ${NODE_NAMES[i]}"
sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${NODE_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${NODE_IPS[i]}/" kube-proxy-config.yaml.template > kube-proxy-config-${NODE_NAMES[i]}.yaml.template
scp kube-proxy-config-${NODE_NAMES[i]}.yaml.template root@${NODE_NAMES[i]}:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy-config.yaml
done
#我这里一共有4个节点要运行，所以这里写4，这是整个集群的node节点的数量！ 这里一定要注意修改！！创建和分发 kube-proxy systemd unit 文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kube-proxy.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-proxy \\
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy-config.yaml \\
--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF分发 kube-proxy systemd unit 文件：
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_name}"
scp kube-proxy.service root@${node_name}:/etc/systemd/system/
done启动 kube-proxy 服务
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kube-proxy"
ssh root@${node_ip} "modprobe ip_vs_rr"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-proxy && systemctl restart kube-proxy"
done检查启动结果
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-proxy|grep Active"
done检查监听端口
[root@abcdocker-k8s01 work]# netstat -lnpt|grep kube-prox
tcp 0 0 192.168.0.50:10249 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 55015/kube-proxy
tcp 0 0 192.168.0.50:10256 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 55015/kube-proxy查看ipvs路由规则
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/ipvsadm -ln"
done正常输出如下
可见所有通过 https 访问 K8S SVC kubernetes 的请求都转发到 kube-apiserver 节点的 6443 端口；
验证集群功能
现在使用daemonset验证master和worker节点是否正常
[root@abcdocker-k8s01 work]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-01 Ready <none> 20m v1.14.2
k8s-02 Ready <none> 20m v1.14.2
k8s-03 Ready <none> 20m v1.14.2
k8s-04 Ready <none> 20m v1.14.2创建测试yaml文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > nginx-ds.yml <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx-ds
labels:
app: nginx-ds
spec:
type: NodePort
selector:
app: nginx-ds
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
targetPort: 80
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: nginx-ds
labels:
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx-ds
spec:
containers:
- name: my-nginx
image: daocloud.io/library/nginx:1.13.0-alpine
ports:
- containerPort: 80
EOF执行测试
kubectl create -f nginx-ds.yml这里pod已经启动成功
[root@abcdocker-k8s01 work]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-ds-29n8p 1/1 Running 0 116s 172.17.0.2 k8s-02 <none> <none>
nginx-ds-7zhbb 1/1 Running 0 116s 172.30.96.2 k8s-01 <none> <none>
nginx-ds-kvr7q 1/1 Running 0 116s 172.17.0.2 k8s-04 <none> <none>
nginx-ds-lk9dv 1/1 Running 0 116s 172.17.0.2 k8s-03 <none> <none>检查各节点的Pod IP 连通性
这里看到pod的IP，我们将ip复制一下
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh ${node_ip} "ping -c 1 172.17.0.2"
ssh ${node_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.96.2"
ssh ${node_ip} "ping -c 1 172.17.0.2"
done检查服务IP和端口可达性
[root@abcdocker-k8s01 work]# kubectl get svc |grep nginx-ds
nginx-ds NodePort 10.254.248.73 <none> 80:15402/TCP 4m11s我们在任意节点访问server IP
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh ${node_ip} "curl -s 10.254.248.73"
done
#这里请根据上面查看的svc IP进行修改此时我们已经可以使用任意节点IP+15402端口访问nginx (这个端口是通过kubectl get svc获取到的，每个人的端口可能不一样。请按照实际情况进行修改！)
CoreDNS安装
上面我们验证的集群内部网络，已经没有问题。接下来进行安装DNS
这里的所有操作在k8s01上执行即可
for NODE in 192.168.0.50 192.168.0.51 192.168.0.52 192.168.0.53;do
echo "--- $NODE ---"
ssh $NODE "wget -P /opt/ http://down.i4t.com/coredns_v1.4.tar"
ssh $NODE "docker load -i /opt/coredns_v1.4.tar"
done
#下载镜像并分发镜像下载coredns yaml文件
wget -P /opt/ http://down.i4t.com/k8s1.14/coredns.yaml创建coredns
kubectl create -f /opt/coredns.yaml
#这里已经镜像让你们手动下载了，没有下载请看docker步骤,最后一步执行完毕后，pod启动成功 (Running状态为正常)
kubectl get pod -n kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-dns
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-d7964c8db-vgl5l 1/1 Running 0 21s
coredns-d7964c8db-wvz5k 1/1 Running 0 21scoredns启动之后，我们需要测一下dns功能是否正常
温馨提示：busybox高版本有nslookup Bug，不建议使用高版本，请按照我的版本进行操作即可！
创建一个yaml文件测试是否正常
cat<<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: busybox
namespace: default
spec:
containers:
- name: busybox
image: busybox:1.28.3
command:
- sleep
- "3600"
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
restartPolicy: Always
EOF创建后Pod我们进行检查
kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 1/1 Running 0 4s使用nslookup查看是否能返回地址
kubectl exec -ti busybox -- nslookup kubernetes
Server: 10.254.0.2
Address 1: 10.254.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: kubernetes
Address 1: 10.254.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local默认kubectl没有table补全命令，如果需要补全请参考下面文章
这里我们也没有安装dashboard，需要dashboard请参考下面
需要prometheus监控请参考下面文章
如果有遇到安装问题请及时在下方留言，或者加入QQ群找管理员协助解决！
原文：https://i4t.com/4253.html
