多世纪以来，一直以来，半导体的进步与半导体性能、半个技术和创新技术的同步发展。随着对计算（PC）以及5G和5G应用的成本需求不断增长，对技术进步的需求，为半导体技术新预测的平坦道路，其中可以有无数种实现
。在智能芯片上的方法——集成电路（IC）在未来的几年中，通过不断的智能微芯片化而进步，这包括按照摩尔定律的类似，集成电路上的跟踪器。每年每一天我们都会搜索一番，该手机以美国工程师·摩尔的名字翻阅。持续的进步使我们拥有比 1969 年阿波罗 11 号登上月球的现在的 70 磅重的计算机更强大的计算能力。
从价格到普遍性再到价值
技术和集成电路的关键是越来越多地使用于每个人的新特性。随着时间的推移，一个半导体的功能由这种半导体持续的引导技术的普遍部署。例如，1970 年 AT&T 的查看电话促进商业化，纯由于高昂，它的客户不到 500 年。
35 年代前台积电首创的工模的诞生，半导体技术但降低了制造成本。在这种模式下，纯工厂运营的半导体厂专注于为其他公司生产IC，而不是自己设计的产品，因此。由于IC生产设施的建造和维护成本高昂，并且会大量公司的，这种生产成本给代工厂可以让公司提供集中体现在这个行业的实际资源设计支持上产品。 和无家可归的企业，并实现了真正的资源设计，并在现场实现了实时在线学习的教学成果。 COVID
-19 及其带来的连续折叠成为了锡的技术创新的另一个转点，在 10 年内的 2030 年数字化，增加了对半导体的需求。根据麦肯数据，按照目前的速度，到了全球半导体全球年收入将增长超过 1 亿美元，直接贡献 3 万亿至 44 美元年的电子产品增长。然而，持续的承诺降低成本导致了半导体的价值。提供链挑战明显地显露，在现代链中着着宝贵而重要的作用。
打开未来世界的大门
随着计算设备和全球通信量的增长（通常是通过网络生成的数据实时的）呈级增长。正在爆发式增长。HPC 是高速处理和执行计算以解决高性能问题的能力。如今，HPC 超越智能的动力。据报告的研究，它已经是半导体复杂工业手机增长的领域其中之一，预计到 2027 年，HPC 芯片组将通过 2019 年 8 月全球与全球 13 亿美元
融合。应用程序实现。除了由半导体制造的大量传感器和执行器之外，虚拟世界和物理世界的集成还需要智能设备、可穿戴设备、物联网等，以及5G、人工智能和大数据分析这些应用中的每一个，对于每个半导体成分及其价值都将迅速增加。
等智能和更多的产品注入新功能，升级这些产品的价值。，驾驶汽车将通过先进的芯片设备和节能，允许这些芯片的软件功能和安全性进行分析。例如5个复杂的自动化研究估计能源减少5%。的基础对比对比，基于当前不同的自动驾驶性能计算。社交媒体上最先进的计算能力的模拟发现。需要模拟的模型和模型，来训练用于创建仿真模型
的质量文本之一的 AI 语言 GPT-3 需要 300 zetta-FLOPS （超级计算机性能表现的纽约时报报道标准GPT在性能专栏计算上训练。作为回报，AI语言所支持的最近能力令人震惊。-3《计算机模型》的科技作家作家罗斯使用完成书评。
被认为是虚拟软件和算法的技术，在智能手机中发现了一种主要被认为是我们通常认为的名人，能够从虚拟世界中使用的信息。因此，即使在虚拟世界中，即使在虚拟世界中，即使占地也为中心位置。
的共同乐观
半导体技术和全球能源的进步已经实现了 5G 时代的需求，因为能够加速成为最重要的指标，因为计算能力因无法传播而受到影响，并且随着计算能源使用的升级比任何其他应用领域由于半导体技术，计算的能源效率一直在快速发展，每两年发展2倍——普遍预期地——仅认为，技术将像过去50年那样像发一样
。恰恰是这样一个对话的正面对话，让整个中国成为现实
中的一个重要理念。一代可能会使用虚拟现实和增强现实（VR/AR）作为他们与世界互动的主要方式。今天的VR/AR头显平均重量超过一磅，电池寿命不到两三个小时，而且价格高昂，这已经制作了 25 年前的手机。要达到与我们现在手机/AR 设备的普及水平，需要达到 100 倍以上。只有通过不断进步的半导体技术实现。
未来将是半导体的进步50 年里，半导体技术的发展历程
仿佛在我们的隧道里走。的出口之外还有更多的主张：从材料到架构的创新使隧道有可能成为新的威胁。现在我们不再受隧道的限制，我们拥有无限的创新。空间。
附译：
TSMC chairman Mark Liu describes how the world’s largest chipmaker is reimagining the semiconductor industry
——by Mark Liu
For over half a century, semiconductors have been at the heart of technological innovation, with advancements in technology marching to the cadence of developments in semiconductor performance, energy consumption, and cost. Now, with the ever-growing demand for high-performance computing (HPC), as well as 5G and A.I. applications, the need for technological advancement has skyrocketed, paving the way for a newly imagined future for semiconductor technology, where infinite possibilities can be realized.
To understand this future, it makes sense to look back 60 years in the past, to the invention of a way to put many transistors together on the same chip—the integrated circuit (IC) or microchip. Throughout the years that followed, semiconductor technology advanced through continuous miniaturization, which involved doubling the number of transistors on an integrated circuit every other year as predicted by Moore’s law, named after American engineer Gordon Moore. This continued advancement is what allows our mobile phones to have far more compute power than the now ancient 70-pound computer that landed Apollo 11 on the moon in 1969.
From cost to ubiquity to value
A key attribute of semiconductor technology and the integrated circuit has been relentless reduction of cost per function. This continuous cost reduction led to ubiquitous deployment of semiconductor technologies over time. The picture-phone, for instance, was first commercialized in 1970 by AT&T, but because of its high cost, it had fewer than 500 customers.
Large-scale cost reduction of semiconductor technology was helped along by the birth of the pure-play foundry model, pioneered by TSMC at its establishment 35 years ago. In this model, pure-play foundries operate semiconductor fabrication plants focused on producing ICs for other companies instead of offering IC products of their own design. As IC production facilities are expensive to build and maintain, and can be a huge drain on finances for companies, outsourcing this production to foundries allowed companies to focus their resources on their end product. This allowed the fabless (design only) industry to flourish and helped enable the large-scale ubiquitous deployment of the technologies that make remote working, online learning, the sharing economy, and entertainment streaming a reality today.
COVID-19 and the lockdowns it brought along with it became another turning point for technology innovation with more than 10 years’ worth of digitization happening over a single year, increasing the demand for semiconductors. At the current pace, annual global semiconductor revenue will grow to more than $1 trillion by 2030, directly contributing to $3 trillion to $4 trillion of global electronics growth, according to McKinsey & Co. Yet, the promise of continuous cost reduction has created an expectation that underestimates the value of semiconductors. As the recent semiconductor supply-chain challenge so clearly illustrates, semiconductors are everywhere and fulfill a valuable and vital role in modern society.
Opening doors to a future world
As computing devices become ubiquitous, the amount of data generated and communicated across a global network, often in real time, has grown exponentially. To keep up with this growth, high-performance computing (HPC) has become crucial and is seeing explosive growth. HPC is the ability to process data and perform complex calculations at high speeds to solve performance-intensive problems. Today, HPC has already surpassed the smartphone as a growth driver. It is one of the fastest growing segments of the semiconductor industry, with the global HPC chipset market size expected to reach $13.68 billion by 2027 from $4.30 billion in 2019, according to research from Report Ocean.
The integration of the virtual with the physical world will bring about a sea change in the way society interacts with one another and will be enabled by HPC applications. In addition to the multitude of sensors and actuators made of semiconductors, this integration of the virtual and the physical worlds requires hardware like smart appliances, wearable devices, IoT, and technologies like 5G, A.I., and big-data analytics for communicating, understanding information, and decision-making. For each of these applications, the semiconductor content, and the value it provides, will increase rapidly.
Semiconductors will imbue intelligence and new functionalities into more and more products, elevating the value of such products. For example, autonomous driving vehicles will become even safer and more energy efficient with advanced chips which allow for the execution of complex software functionalities and analytics. University of Texas research estimates a net energy reduction of 11% to 55% versus the current ground transportation conditions in the U.S., based off this expected autonomous vehicle energy efficiency. Society is also expecting new user applications beyond what we can imagine today. Personalized and community medicine as well as vaccine and drug discovery will get a boost from the computing power provided by semiconductors. Combating disinformation on social media will need better algorithms and computing power for training A.I. models.
As an example, one of the most advanced A.I. language models for creating realistic human-quality text, the GPT-3, requires 300 zetta-FLOPS (a measure of supercomputer performance) to train on a high-performance compute cloud. In return, the capability enabled by this A.I. language model can be impressive. GPT-3 recently was used by Kevin Roose, a tech columnist for the New York Times, to complete a book review.
A.I. is often thought of as a technology involving primarily software and algorithms. Yet, hardware technology is what opens the door to the virtual world and allows us to use the information derived from A.I. Thus, even in the metaverse, the physical takes center stage.
A shared optimism
As semiconductor technology advances to meet the needs of the 5G and A.I. era, energy efficiency has become the most important metric not only because computing power is already throttled by the inability to remove heat, but also because the global energy use of computing escalates faster than any other application area. Energy efficiency of computing due to semiconductor technology alone has been advancing at a rapid pace—2X every two years—and there is shared optimism that technology will continue to advance like clockwork as it did over the past 50 years.
This shared optimism that is often conflated with Moore’s law is perhaps more important than the “law” itself. It is this shared optimism by the industry and society at large, that has propelled the industry to meet the challenge and make the prophecy a self-fulfilling one.
In the next 50 years, the future generation will likely use virtual- and augmented-reality (VR/AR) as their principal means of interaction with the world. Today’s average VR/AR headsets weigh well over a pound, with a battery life of less than two to three hours, and a high price tag, which reminds us of the cell phones of 25 years ago. To achieve the same level of ubiquity as today’s cell phones, VR/AR devices will need to improve by more than 100 times. This can only be done with continuous advancement of semiconductor technology.
The upcoming decades will be a golden era for the semiconductor industry. Over the past 50 years, the development of semiconductor technology has been akin to walking inside a tunnel. The way ahead was clear as there was a well-defined path that everyone diligently followed—shrinking the transistor. Now we are approaching the exit of the tunnel. There are many more possibilities outside the tunnel: new paths made possible by innovations from materials to architecture and new destinations defined by new applications. We are no longer bound by the confines of the tunnel, and we now have unlimited room for unleashed innovation.
